Fuel injecting pump



p llf, 1948. I as. WALLACE v 2,439,498

FUEL INJECTING PUMP Filed April 26, 1944 3 Shaets-Sheet l 'jmm/m 1 April13, 1948. R. B. WALLACE .FUEL INJECTING PUMP Filed April 26, 1944 3Sheets-Shani 2 April 13, 1348. R. a. WALLACE FUEL INJECTING PUMP FiledApril 26, 1944 s Sheets-Shee t s AM LE I Patented Apr. 13, 1948 UNITED.STATES PATENT orsics 2,439,491; rum. mmc'mzo. rum

R Russell Bruce Wallace, Plymouth, Mich. 7

Application Apr-i126, 1e44, Serial No. saaaso The invention relates topumps and the embodimentherein disclosed is designed for iniectin iuelinto the cylinders of'an internal combustion engine.

One object or the invention is to provide an emclent and reliable pumpwhich may be easily and inexpensively manufactured without extremelyaccurate machining of parts.

Another object is to provide a construction which will not be injured bysand or other gritty substances in the liquid being pumped.

A still further object is to provide a single rotatable cam disk forsuccessively operating a plurality of pump units, said cam disk beingshiitable axially toward and ircm actuating elements of said pump unitsto vary the strokes of the same and thus vary the pump output.

Yet another object is to make novel provision for utilizing fluid underpressure, preferably the lubricating oil or an engine, for controllingthe shifting of the aforesaid cam disk as required.

A further object is to provide a novel diaphragm type pump in which bothsides of each diaphragm will be subjected to pressure, to minimize thestresses thereon.

Still another object is to provide for automatic control 01 the pumpoutput, when the pump is used for fuel injecting purposes, by meansactuated by pressure variances in the air intake of the engine.

With the foregoing and minor objects in view, the invention resides inthe novel subject matter hereinafter described and claimed, descriptionbeing accomplished by reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a side elevation showing the pump and controlling meanstherefor operatively connected with an engine.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view partly in. elevation.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view on line 3-3 of Fig- 2.

Fig. 4 is a bottom plan view of the cam disk.

Fig. 5 is a sectional perspective view showing the connecting meansbetween the two control valves, and portions of the automatic and manualoperating means for said connecting means.

Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view on line 8-6 of Fig. 5.

A preferred construction has been illustrated and will be ratherspecifically described, with the understanding, however, that within thescope or the invention as claimed, variations may be made.

A lower cup-like casing section In is provided,

said section having a continuous flange H at its open upper end. Acentral upstanding sleeve i2 is integral with or otherwise fluid-tightlysecured to the bottom ll of the casing section I0, said sleeve beingprovided with an external upwardly facing shoulder l4 preferably in theplane of the top suri'ace or the flange ii. The bottom It is integralwith or otherwise rigidly joined to the upper end of a sleeve-like stubIt to be suitably secured in a boss or the like it on the crank case I!or an internal combustion engine i8. In this stub It, a vertical shaftis is rotatably mounted, said shalt being provided with a gear. at inthe present disclosure. to be driven by a coactlng gear on the cam shaftor other suitable part or the engine it. A collar ii is shown secured tothe shaft i9 and resting on the upper extremity oi the sleeve it toprevent downward end play of said shaft, upward end play being preventedby means hereinafter described.

Resting upon the flange ii is a partition disk it which also rests uponthe shoulder it, said disk 22 having a central opening 23 through whichthe upper portion or the sleeve l2 extends. The partition disk 22carries a circular series of cups to which project downwardly into thechamber at below said disk, said cups being open at the upper side ofthis disk. A iuei line 2t extends to the chamber 2t from theconventional fuel.

pump all oi the engine it, and each of the cups it is provided with anappropriate connection it having a valved inlet 29 communicating withsaid chamber 25, each of said connections it also having an outlet 3d.The outlets oi. the various couplings are suitably connected with linesti for supplying the fuel to the engine cylinders.

A diaphragm disk 32 rests on the partition disk 22, and portions 83 ofsaid diaphragm disk extend across the open upper ends of the cups 2t.Suita central opening 39 through which the portion of the sleeve l2above the shoulder l4 extends. gurrounding this sleeve portion andresting on screws 45, resting on the collars 40, and having a centralopening 48 through which the portion of the sleeve l2 above said collar,extends. A clamping nut 41 is threaded upon the upper extremity of thesleeve l2 and bears against the disk 44 to clamp it tightly against thecollar 40 and to clamp the three disks 81, 32 and 22 between said collarand the shoulder l4. The disk 44 carries guide bushings 48 for the stems34 and any suitable provision such as the stud and groove connections49, may be employed to pre- 7 vent rotation of said stems in saidbushings.

The top of the casing section 4| is integral with or otherwisefluid-tightly joined to a cylinder 50 which projects downwardlytherefrom, the lower end of said cylinder being in open communicationwith the chamber 5| within the casing section 4|. Both rotatable andslidable in the cylinder 50 is a disk or piston 52 which is splined at53 on the shaft i9 to be driven by the latter. The lower side of thedisk 52 carries a single cam 54 which is successively cooperable withthe stems 34 to depress them and thus expel fuel from the cups 24through the lines 3|,

to the engine cylinders. The disk or piston 52 is upwardly biased by aspring 55 resting on the nut 41, a thrust bearing 55 being preferablyinterposed between said spring and said disk or piston. In the presentdisclosure, each stem 34 is formed with a rounded head 51 cooperablewith the cam 54, but obviously a roller could be substituted for saidhead, if desired.

. The shaft I9 is reduced above the spline 53 and is rotatably mountedin a bushing 58 which may well abut the shaft shoulder 58 to hold saidshaft against upward end play.

An oil line 80 communicates with the lubricating system of the enginel5, said line having two branches 8| and 52. The branch 4| communicatesthrough a restricted orifice I! with the chamber 5| and thus the lowerside of the disk or piston 52 is subjected to the oil pressure pumped tosaid chamber 5| by the usual engine oil pump. The other branch 42 of theline 50 communicates with the chamber 54 above the disk or piston 52through a restricted orifice 55, and thus the upper side of said disk orpiston is also subjected to the pressure of the oil pumped into thechamber 84. One outlet valve 58 is provided for the chamber 5|, andanother outlet valve 61 is employed for the chamber 44, these valvesbeing connected with an oil return line 68 for returning the oil to theengine. In the present disclosure, the line 45 is connected with theusual oil flller pipe 59 of the engine. In the present disclosure, thevalves 54 and 51 are of the rotary plug type and their plugs areconnected with each other by appropriate connecting means 10 to causeone valve to gradually open and the other to gradually close, andviceversa, as said connecting means are operated. The connecting means 10preferably includes an adjustment H for initially setting the two varelatively.

The connecting means 10 is adjustably linked at I2 to a known diaphragmunit 13 which may well be mounted on a bracket 14 secured by some of thebolts 43 above described. A line 15 extends to the diaphragm unit 13from the air intake 18 of the engine i8, said air intake having athrottle valve 11 operable by a foot pedalor the like 78.

A hand control is indicated at 18, for longitudinally moving a controlwire 80, which wire is slidably connected by a suitable means 8| withthe connecting means 10 of the two valves 66 and 81. Thus, thesevalves.while automatically operable under the influence of pressurevariances in the air intake 16, may also be actuated by hand, wheneverdesired.

It will be seen that rotation of the shaft l9 drives the disk or piston52 to cause its cam 54 to successively depress the actuating stems 34 ofthe circular series of pump units, stem-depression and ascent (undentheinfluence of the spring 35) pro,- ducing the required pumping action totake the pump-supplied fuel from the chamber 24 and supply it to theengine cylinders. It will be obvious that the extent to which the stems34 are depressed, will be governed by the position of the piston or disk52 and, therefore, the position of this latter element will control theoutput from the pump units. The disk or piston 52 is positionallycontrolled by the pressure differential or the lack of such, in thechambers 5| and 64, and said pressure differential or lack of same iscaused by the positions of the valves 66 and 61. The valve positions areobtained, either manually through the control 18 or automaticallythrough the diaphragm unit I3 which is actuated by and is thus under theinfluence of pressure in the air intake 16 of the engine. It will thusbe seen that the fuel supplied to the engine cylinders may be readilycontrolled according to requirements.

Attention is invited to the fact that each diaphragm is subjected tofluid pressure on both of its sides (011 above and fuel below) and isthus relieved of the serious strains encountered in the commondiaphragm-type pumps in which only one side of the diaphragm issubjected to pressure. Moreover, when the supply of oil to chamber 5| isfurnished by the usual engine lubricating system and automaticallycontrolled in accordance with pressure variances in the engine airintake, as in the present disclosure, the oil becomes an auxiliaryregulating factor for the richness of the mixture, for at idling speeds,(low oil pressure) each diaphragm bows or flexes more under theinfluence of the fuel forced into the cup or chamber 24 at each intakestroke of the diaphragm, thus,

causing each pump to admit more fuel, and this fuel supplied to theengine gives the required richness for idling speeds.

As excellent results may be attained from the structure hereindisclosed, it may be considered as preferred. However, attention isagain invited for limiting the movement of said pump-actuatingelementtoward said piston, ,means on said oneside of said piston and cooper blewith said pump-actuating element for forcing t away from said pistonduring part of each revolution of said therein, means whereby saidpiston may be rotated, a pump-actuating element at one side ofsaidpiston and biased toward the latter, means for limiting the movement ofsaid pump-actuating element toward said piston, means on said one sideof said piston and cooperable with said pump-actuating element forforcing it away from said piston during. part of each revolution of saidpiston, and means connected with said cylinder at opposite sides or saidpiston for admitting and exhausting a controlling fluid to axially shiftsaid piston and vary the stroke imparted to said pumpactuating element.

3. A pump comprising a casing, a partition dividingsaid casing into twochambers, a liquid inlet into one of said chambers, a circular series ofpumps carried by said partition and including inlets communicating withsaid one of said chambers, said pumps having actuating elements biasedaway from said one of said chambers and exposed in the other of saidchambers, means for limiting the movement of said actuating elementsaway from said one of said chambers, a rotatable and slidable piston insaid other or said chambers and having its axis alined with the centerof said circular series of pumps, means whereby said piston may berotated, means on said piston for successively forcing said actuatingelements toward said one of said chambers as said piston rotates, saidcasing having a, cylinder in which said piston is operable, and meansfor admitting a controlling fluid to and exhausting it from saidcylinder to shift said piston axially to vary the stroke of saidactuating elements.

4. A pump comprising a casing, a partition dividing said casing into twochambers, one of which is provided with'a liquid inlet, said partitionhaving a circular series of cups projecting into said one of saidchambers, said cups having their open ends disposed toward the other ofsaid chambers, said cups each having liquid admission and dischargemeans, the former of which is in valved communication with said onechamber to conduct liquid from this chamber to said cups, diaphragmssecured across the open ends of said cups, operating means for saiddiaphragms including stems projecting from said diaphragms into saidother of said chambers and a rotary cam in this chamber cooperable withsaid stems, and fixed guides for said stems.

5. A pump comprising a lower cup-like liquidreceiving casing sectionhaving a continuous flange at its upper end, said casing section havinga liquid inlet, a central sleeve secured to the bottom of said casingsection and projecting above the plane of said flange, said sleevehaving an external upwardly facin shoulder near its upper end, apartition resting on said flange and said shoulder and having a centralopening through which said sleeve extends, said partition having acircular series of upwardly open downwardly projecting cups, said cupseach having liquid admission and discharge means, the former of which isin valved communication with said casing sec- '6 tion, a diaphragm diskresting on said partition and extending across the open ends of saidcups, 9. hold-down disk resting on said diaphragm disk and having acentral opening through which said sleeve extends, said hold-down diskhaving apertures exposing the portions of said diaphragm disk whichextend across the open ends of said cups, upwardly projecting stemssecured to said exposed portions of said diaphragm disk, an upperinverted cup-like casing section having a continuous flange lying uponsaid hold-down disk over the aforesaid flange,fasteners securing saidflanges together and clamping the two disks and partition between them,a stem-guiding disk within said upper casing section and having acentral opening through which said sleeve extends, said stem-guidingdisk being provided with guides through which the aforesaid stemsextend, spacing means on said sleeve between said hold-down disk andsaid stem-guiding disk, a clamping nut threaded on the upper end of saidsleeve and lying upon said stem-guiding ,disk, an operating shaftrotatable in said sleeve and having a disk within said upper casingsection, and means on said disk for successively depressing said stemsas said disk is rotated.

6. A pump comprising a cup-dike liquid-re ceiving casing having a liquidinlet, a disk secured to said casing and closing the open side thereof,said disk having a circular series of cups projecting into said casing,the bottoms of said cups be ng disposed toward the bottom of saidprojecting into said casing, the bottoms of said cups being disposedtoward the bottom of said cas ng, each of said cups having liquidadmission and d scharge means, the former of which is in valvedcommunication with said casing to conduct liquid from said casing tosaid cups, diaphragms secured to said disk and extending across the openends of said cups, a sleeve extending from the bottom of said casingthrough said disk, a rotary shaft extending through said sleeve, a camdisk'on said shaft in outwardly spaced relation with the aforesaid disk,actuating stems secured to said diaphragms and cooperable with said camdisk, and flxed guides for said stems.

8. In a pump of the type in which a rotary disk actuates a-pumpingmeans, and in which the output of said pumping means is variable byaxially shifting said rotary disk; a cylinder containing said rotarydisk and disposed in fluidtight contact with the peripheral edge thereofto permit said disk to also constitute a piston,

and means for conducting fluid to and from said cylinder to effectrequired axial shifting of the combined rotary disk and piston.

9. In a pump of the type in which a rotary disk actuates a pumpingmeans, and in which the output of said pumping means is variable byaxially shifting said rotary disk; a cylinder containing said rotarydisk and disposed in fluidtight contact with the peripheral edge thereofto permit said disk to also constitute a piston,

ing section having a liquid inlet, a central sleeve secured to thebottom of said casing section and projecting above the upper end of saidcasing section, said sleeve having an external upwardly facing shouldernear its upper end, a partition resting on said upper end of said casingsection and said shoulder and having a central opening through whichsaid sleeve extends, said partition having a circular series of upwardlyopen downwardiy projecting cups, said cups each having liquid admissionand discharge means, the former of which is in valved communication withsaid casing section, a diaphragm disk resting on said partition andextending across the open ends of said cups, a hold-down disk resting onsaid diaphragm disk and having a central opening through which saidsleeve extends, said holddown disk' having apertures exposing theportions of said diaphragm disk which extend across the open ends ofsaid cups, upwardly projecting stems secured to said exposed portions ofsaid diaphragm disk, an upper inverted cup-like casing section restingupon the portion of said holddown disk which overlies the side wall ofsaid lower easing section, fastening means securing the two casingsections together and clamping the two disks and partition between them,a stem-guiding disk within said-upper casing section and having acentral opening through which said sleeve extends, said stem-guidingdisk being said stems extend, spacing means on said sleeve between saidhold-down disk and said stemguiding disk, a clamping nut threaded on theupper end of said sleeve and lying upon said stem-guiding disk, anoperating shaft rotatable in said sleeve and having a disk within saidupper casing section, and means on said disk for suc- 8 cessivelydepressing said stems as said disk is rotated.

11. In a fuel feeding means for an internal combustion engine, adiaphragm and meansdriven by said engine for operating said diaphragm,means providing a fuel chamber at one side of said diaphragm, meansproviding an oil chamber at the other side of said diaphragm, a fuelpump driven by said engine, fuel-conducting means extending from saidfuel-pump to said fuel chamber, fuel-discharge means from said fuelchamber to said engine, and oil-conducting means extending from thelubricating system of said engine to said oil chamber to conductlubricating oil under pressure to said oil chamber,

whereby the oil pressure within said oil chamber will minimize thepumping stresses on said diaphragm.

,provided with guides through which the afore- 12. A structure asspecified in claim 11; together with means for controlling the oilpressure in said 011 chamber.

RUSSELL BRUCE WALLACE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the I file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 44,978 Rowe Nov. 8, 1864 920,629Nutz May 4, 1909 1,668,919 Lundstrom May 8, 1928 1,715,735 Banning, Jr.June 4, 1929 1,746,335 Boyce Feb. 11, 1930 2,018,111 Babitch Oct. 22,1935 2,022,660 Flint Dec. 3, 1935 2,107,079 Mentele Feb. 1, 19382,114,443 Foisy Apr. 19, 1938 2,126,709 Alden Aug. 16, 1938' 2,148,112Dillstrom Feb. 21, 1939 2,165,896 Charter July 11, 1939 2,253,467 HurstAug. 19, 1941 2,272,771 Hawley Feb. 10, 1942 2,273,670 Udale Feb. 17,1942 2,344,565 Scott Mar. 21, 1944 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date174,763 Switzerland Apr. 16, 1936' 322,117 Italy 1934

